The New Technology of War Essay Example for Free

The New Technology of War Essay Tanks: Tanks were massive killing machines, which could hold many goods and many men. This was an advantage because before tanks were invented, the soldiers had to walk to and from different battlefields under the risk of shellfire. The tanks were obviously bullet proof and protective and could move through the battlefield. They could go through wire entanglements and cross enemy trenches. This was useful to make a space for friendly soldiers to attack and could push back the enemy frontline a few miles. The tanks were strong enough to carry massive guns capable of blowing down enemy trench walls from a 100 metres away. Ties meant that the enemy would be open so the friendly soldiers could shoot in. Because the tanks were so massive, they tear up mud by their caterpillar tracks, which make it a disadvantage for friendly troops to run and walk over. Many of the German trenches were too wide so the tanks front fell into the trenches instead of going over. Consequently if the machine gunners were close to the tank, they could put sticky bombs on the side of it. The tanks were sometimes unreliable and most broke down at the start. This meant that lots of them would be a waste of money. There were still many mechanical problems with tanks, but they proved themselves to be a weapon of the future. In the event, the full potential of the tank was not to be realised until it had been from its infantry support role. Once it appeared, backed by air power, the age of battlefield domination was over. Wars of movement were once possible. With machine guns the tanks were killing machines that were lethal. Machine guns: It provided rapid and sustained fire so you wouldnt waste valuable time reloading the weapon. This also meant that the enemy could be mowed down easily so that it could hold the frontline and was a very valuable defensive item. They were useful in planes because it was very hard to hit enemy planes so machine guns could fire randomly and fast so there would be a definite hit. The machine guns were very expensive and when in a time of war, countries were strapped for cash so they were very rare. They also used a lot of ammunition. Around 120 bullets were fired per minute so it would cost lots and lots of money to fuel it. The machine guns could not be used to attack because they were too heavy. Also if their own troops were going across, then the machine gunners would have to stop because they would kill their own men. The machine guns were a great invention and provided a fresh new start for some future technology. It proved useful in many battles. These machines mainly won some of these battles. Gas: The gas method was deadly and had never been seen before. It could spread through walls and trenches and went as far as it could until it diffused. This meant that you didnt always have to hit the right spot while releasing the gas. The gas could also kill people fast and could cloud the vision of many people so they would wander out, linking it to the tanks and so the tanks could move across without being seen or heard if the soldiers had gas masks on until the tanks came close. Usually to attack you would need to lose a few men at least but this new method meant that no friendly soldier would be hurt in the process. Although gas could kill quickly, it took a long time to get to its destination just like a zeppelin. Lots of gas was really needed to kill the enemy soldiers because the gas needed to be dense. This meant that it was expensive to use the gas and it wasnt always effective because most of the soldiers had gas masks after a few months. This meant that gas could be totally ineffective and so it would be such a waste of money on the gas. Gas, of course, could accidentally come back to your own trenches from wind coming your way. Gas was highly feared by many humans throughout Europe because many rumours had gone around that it was the work of the devil and could kill anything so when gasmasks were introduced it meant that many people were rushing around for them like they were a saviour. Planes and Zeppelins: Planes and zeppelins were very useful because there was warfare everywhere. On land, under ground and on water but now in the air. It was useful because no guns were able to fire up at 180à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ so planes were very unlikely to get shot down. They could drop bombs straight down on the enemy. This meant they could be accurate. Planes are linked with machineguns because of the use of them in planes so you didnt have to be accurate to shoot fighter planes. Zeppelins could be massive transport carriers of weapons and other goods. These sorts of machines would take a lot of time to make and be expensive which makes them like tanks. They were not always in the air and so had hangers and such where lots of bombers could easily blow them up before they could get into the air. Like most of technology, both sides would always find out the secret of the new machine so battles in the sky would always take place and would normally be a long battle or a stalemate. Planes were lightweight because they could not fly if they werent so this meant they had no armour so were unreliable. Planes and zeppelins were not used until the Second World War because earlier planes were unsuccessful and zeppelins hadnt been invented yet. But planes were found to be useful and they evolved around the war. The zeppelins were massive airplanes like air tanks ready to drop massive bombs. Modern Technology These modern methods were more effective, accurate and much more reliable. The older methods included horses, which were fast, but as animals they needed feeding, looking after and they needed rest so that meant they would have to wait prolonged periods for the chance to attack. It would cost money to feed the horse. They needed medicine to look after the horse as well. Dogs and pigeons were also used in the war for communication. Pigeons could fly distances of up to 60 miles and 80% of messages got through. But radio messages and telegraph wires were much more useful and would have direct contact with HQ and all messages would get through. So the older methods were fine for the time. Most battles did not take place and were stalemates so the newer technology was needed to break the stalemate and reach a quicker end of a battle, meaning a quicker war. But machine guns were meant to defend trenches and so were effective that they caused most of the stalemates. Many people had good ideas but tanks were the best and this pushed back enemy lines because enemy machine guns could not shoot them and waves of soldiers followed behind them. But tanks were for blowing up artillery not soldiers. So the army needed a weapon for killing masses of soldiers. The answer was gas. At first gas was used to knockout enemy soldiers but gradually more lethal gases were introduced. To kill, blind, maim and blister the enemy. Gas broke stalemates easily 178,500 British were hurt and 7,500 killed by gas. The Germans had 101,650 hurt and 5,350 killed. But then gas masks were invented and gas became so useless that some other machine was needed. Planes were used in earlier wars but were not effective but now new types were available so armies tried them and they seemed unstoppable by guns because they were so fast and there were battles in the air but as per usual there were guns to shoot down planes. So many new inventions were made and were, as you can see from my evidence, much more effective then old fashioned methods but there was always something to stop the new technology. The best defensive weapon is apparent to be the machinegun out of the new and old technology. This is because of the way it mowed down the enemy soldiers coming towards the trench. They could also be far apart because the gun could rotate up to 360à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½. Even though it is a defensive weapon, it was most useful in attacking machines such as planes because of its quick fire. The best technology for attack was the planes because of their ability to pass over anything and have no boundaries unlike tanks, which cant pass over some trenches. They were able to break the stalemate by bombing front trenches and pushing the enemy back. New Technology and inventions were vital in breaking the stalemate in the war on the western front and completely replaced older fashioned methods. To discuss this we need to look at different parts of the sentence. To start off with New technology and inventions were vital to break the stalemate in the war can be discussed easily. It says that they were vital but they were not only used to break the stalemate they were used also to keep the stalemate (machine guns). Some were not vital to the breaking of the stalemate but some were just used to destroy the trenches but not actually cause enough damage to break the stalemate and push the enemy back. The second part of the sentence is and completely replaced older fashioned methods. The word completely should not be used because if all the modern technology failed then the soldiers would have to rely on the older methods. So the word completely should be changed to parts. The fact is that nothing is ever totally replaced or exterminated. For example small pox is still around in the world today but not in Europe and that is why it is like the new technology. It may have replaced the older fashioned methods in Europe but it still did not replace it in the whole world. For example in China at that time, many horses were still used at the time. This sentence only complies with the positive side of the effect of modern technology. It uses two main facts to present the idea that the modern technology was only good. Coming into the new century was a big time for the old 19th century people. They were a new generation of invention lovers who were not afraid of the new technology unlike the generation before them. So they welcomed the new machines not fearing what damage they could do because they had only experienced mostly good things from new machines. Conclusion: The whole point of the essay was not to find out both sides of the modern weapon findings. As I went over the project I found different ideas and views on how technology was good and needed and how European Warfare would have been better off without it. I found out which machines were useful and which caused more hassle than good. I found why people views were what they were and whether they were good enough or not. At first before I came into this project fully, my views were that all technology was for the best but some were not and some were vital for peace. Weapons can be used for peace but they are mostly used for war. I found that tanks, if not invented, would surely effect the damage felt on Britain. Most probably increasing it because of the way the British used it so much. I had also found that if the German machine gun had not been invented, that the Germans may have lost the war much quicker because of the way they fiercely mowed down enemy soldiers heading towards the trenches. I found that many people had to put their trust in the machines and use them because of the inevitable increase in use of them. Many people I have read about have pushed for an technological advance in weapon warfare where others have the sure belief that it will all end up wrong.

Illusion and Fairies in Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay

Illusion and Fairies in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream The main theme of love in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream is explored by four young lovers, who, for the sake of their passions, quit the civilized and rational city of Athens, and its laws, and venture into the forest, there to follow the desires of their hearts - or libidos as the case may be. In this wild and unknown wilderness, with the heat and emotion commonly brought on by a midsummer night, they give chase, start duels, profess their love and hatred and otherwise become completely confused and entangled in the realities and perceptions of their own emotions. What better opportunity for Shakespeare to introduce a world of fairies then this? Shakespeare's fairies live in this wild forest were they love, fight, play and helpfully sort the poor young lovers out before sending them off, back to their own civilized world. Like many of the other elements in this play Shakespeare gives his fairies a healthy mix of illusion and reality. The Fairies use illusion in their exploi ts and Shakespeare uses them in the Dream in such a way that one might ask: are they even real or are they themselves an illusion? Because of Shakespeare's unique portrayal of the fairy world of A Midsummer Night's Dream it is often criticized as being contrary to the popular folk beliefs of fairies at the time. The fairies in the Dream which are described as "Diminutive, pleasing and picturesque sprites" are thought to "present themselves as a new race of fairies, as different from the popular fairies of tradition as are those fairies from the fays of medieval romances" (Latham 180). It is this "diminutive" stature of the fairies that is brought up the most often by critics who b... ...audience, imploring them that if they wish not to believe what they have seen, then they might think of it as a dream as well (Epilogue). This from the mouth of their well-known and loved Robin Goodfellow only serves to convince even more. And Robin has been known as Puck ever since. Bibliography Briggs, K. M. The Anatomy of Puck. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, 1959. Briggs, Katharine M. The Vanishing People. London: B.T. Batsford Ltd, 1978. Hunt, Leigh Day By The Fire. Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1870. Latham, Minor White Ph.D. The Elizabethan Fairies. New York: Columbia University Press, 1930. Ovid Metamorphoses. Trans. A. D. Melville, Intro and Notes E. J. Kenney. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986. Shakespeare, William "A Midsummer Night's Dream." The Norton Shakespeare: Comedies. Ed. S. Greenblatt et al. New York: Norton, 1997.

Context of Communication Essay

Explain how to adapt communication with children and young people for: Building relationships is important in children and young people. You need to adapt your behaviour and communication accordingly. Assessing the situation and environment you are in. It is important that children in all situations feel secure and have a sense of value from you. Your interaction with them should show this. You need to be able to create a positive relationship with children and young people this in turn will create a positive relationship, which will allow them to feel, accepted as part of the school community. Age of a child or young person. Different ages will require different levels of attention. It is up to you to be able to differentiate the different levels. A younger child may need assurance and more physical contact rather than an older child. As a child matures the physical contact is reduced and instead there is an increase level of confidence needed. They will need more help in expressing their opinions and thought’s across as well as involving themselves in discussion. Adapting your vocab is a good way to help progress in these levels as well as your response. Reacting positively by listening and responding to them accurately will help in their progress of effective communication. The context of communication You need to be aware of different situations such as age, place etc. you will need to adapt the communication to this situation. Being aware of children/young adults’ level of development and understanding of cognitive and language ability. When starting to talk to child/young person it is usually best to try and talk about them about something they like. For example talk to them about football, music or computer games. When talking about something they know it is makes them feel more comfortable when talking to you. As well you can talk to them about hobbies, interests, friends and family which will hopefully let you know some of things they do at home and outside of school. This will make it easier to start a conversation off by asking about a family member or what a certain activity was like. Making the child/young person talk to you in friendly way. But it is important to remember though that you are not the child/young person friend or parent you have to always be clear a bout your role.

India growth in the next five years Essay Example Pdf - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2337 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Can India achieve 9% growth in the next five years? Can India achieve 9% growth in the next five years? This is the million dollar question in every Indian’s mind. It is not just about growing. Growing right and strong is the question because if we are able to grow in a right direction then lot of hurdles the Indian economy is facing can be altered towards a positive direction. If the GDP growth rate of our economy moves from the 4.6% to a 9%, then we have chances to improve whole lot of things including increment in job opportunities, consumption, investment, improved living standard and current government target of reducing poverty further. It also signals that there will be hell lot of opportunities for the government to collect tax revenues. The household savings will be directly available to the private sector without any intervention. When the liquidity flows towards the private sector become stronger and better, high growth becomes possible. Af ter achieving a phenomenal growth rate of more than 9 percent for three consecutive years between 2005-2006 and 2007-2008, alongside the instant recovery from the global stagnation of 2008-2009, the Indian economy has been going through a rough phase that culminated in sub-5 percent GDP Growth for the period 2012-2014. Such a dip in growth rates for two consecutive years was witnessed almost three decades ago in 1986-1988. This Indian trend is approximately in harmony with trends in other emerging economies, but more prominent. India’s growth dropped from 8.3% per annum during 2004-05 to 2011-12 to 4.6% in 2012-13 and 2013-2014. However this trend was seen in other emerging markets and developing economies including China whose average growth declined from 6.8 percent to 4.9 percent in this period. Apart from the slowdown in the growth, inflation appears to be another serious issue which is posing significant challenges to the Indian economic growth. Although average whole sale price index (WPI) inflation declined in 2013-2014 to 6 percent vis-Ã  -vis 8.9 percent in 2011-12 and 7.4 percent in 2012-2013, it is still above comfort levels. Major issues was seen regarding the WPI inflation in food articles that averaged 12.2 percent annually over five years ending 2013-2014 which is significantly higher than non-food inflation. Fortunately, the upward trend of inflation that played a significant role in the slowdown in growth, savings, investment, and consumption, appears to have moderated. It is quite relevant that in India the slowdown in growth and investment was accompanied by elevated levels of consumer price inflation. There is a serious need to address the food inflation in order to obtain a hold on the overall inflationary trend. Resolving supply side constraints through addressing the complex issues of the food markets could lay the foundation of the solution. One of the most feasible ways of increasing the growth rate is by increasing invest ments but we are lagging behind and are not able to deliver a growth rate of our potential. Simply saying, our investment is not up to the mark. The cost of capital remained high for most of the year as the uncertainty in global markets encouraged central banks to keep the stance of monetary policy tight, in turn discouraging investments. The daunting task that Indian Economy faces today is of generating employment and growth. Jobs get created when firms invest and grow. Hence, it is important to create an environment that is conductive for the firms to invest. Gross fixed capital formation declined from the growth of 17.49% in 2006-2007 to 3.2 percent in 2012-13. Difficulties in obtaining clearances and raw material supplies and of financing brought numerous investment projects to a halt. Difficulties in contracting and providing clearances on time and the lack of a framework to shut down, sell off, or withdraw from projects created further difficulties. Furthermore, the NPAs of the bank are another headache. On one hand we are saying investment is very necessary to pull the trigger but where is the trigger? Fresh NPA of PSBs increased to 3.6% in 2013-2014 as against 3.1% in 2012-13 leading to increase in Gross NPA to 4.4% as on March 31, 2014 from just 3.6% the previous year. Infrastructure sector accounted around one-third of the total industrial credit and the major issues underlying this is that the NPA ratio for infrastructure sector is showing the rising trend during this period. In this context, there are huge doubts whether the promises made by the new government in terms of public private partnership would be a reality one day. We only started PPP model after reforms were ushered in 1991. From 1991 to 2006, hardly any progress were made in PPP models, we witnessed only few improvement in roads and urban development that too in primarily at state level. From 2006-2014 we saw some improvements though it’s not very encouraging, it is the only good we have. Only 758 projects worth Rs. 383300 crores have started under the PPP model in India so far. Main deterrents have been the absence of regulatory authority for PPPs, the commissioning authorities often do not have full clarity about timelines and targets associated with the projects, and private sector dependence on the cash trapped banks is probably the biggest hurdle in the process. Another big hole in the economy is that the entire savings of households which is around 30% of GDP are not effectively channelized for investments. The reasons is that our fixed deposits rate for many important years have remained under the inflation rate faced by households; that make it extremely attractive for the households to pack their savings into physical products rather non-financial products like gold or may be real-estate for the time being. These kind of physical savings accounted for about 68% in FY 2013. This gives alarming signals that large portion of Indian households s avings may not be properly channelized toward private sectors investors. It results toward lower investment appetite in the investors. To channelize the household saving towards the financial sector the rates have to be increase or there should be improvement in the inflation rate so that the interest rate are well above the inflation rate but increasing the interest rate would lead to increase in the lending rate too. This will further kill the little appetite they have regarding the investment. So, the solution lies in improving the inflation rate rather than increasing the interest rate. There aren’t much of problem in the demand side of the economy. The major problem lies in the supply side. To improve the supply side problem we need a huge long term investments in infrastructure. For this, we need large sum of money and that is the scary part because we are depended on the bank for the credit but the high interest rate and bank itself suffering from the huge amount of NPAs left us with no way. The flow of credit have almost stopped, there is no any investment appetite in investors. This also asks for the huge improvement in the subsidies. The government has got the political majority, now it is the time to complete their duties because they have lot of economic compulsion to deliver on account of the subsides. There has been 2.4% increment in the subsidies as compare to last fiscal which stood at 251397crores. Subsidies account for almost 19% of the expenses which is a huge amount when growth is hovering below 5%. A reduction of Rs 50000 crore on subsidy account would have helped to reign in the revenue deficit at 2.5% offering significant benefits to the account. To emphasize on, only a sustained reduction in the inflation rate will help the households to channelize their saving into the deposits. Similarly another part of the story is the Current account deficit. Though, the economy has seen improvement in the current account deficit which is standing at around 1.7% in 2014 ending. It has given some relief in terms of appreciating rupee but however taper talks moving like a rampant we can expect some further increment in the current account deficit when tapering actually starts. Furthermore, if we see the foreign inflows in the country it has been in terms of FII i.e. more like a portfolio type rather than the proper FDI. There are no any major FDI inflows in the country. The decision to increase the FDI limits from 26% to 49% in insurance and defense sectors are welcomed by many but its results are yet to be seen. Again increasing the limit from 26% to 49% wouldn’t make a huge difference until and unless the increment is up to 51% because there is a huge difference in right given to the foreign company in 51% as compare to 49%. So we can say that no major foreign companies will be lured to operate in India. Again, the Modi Government has not specifically mentioned the route via which the fund will be channeliz ed into the country. We just have a figure rather number but how the number will be implemented? We don’t have the answer. Again, the Modi government must liberalized the way the defense sector transactions are treated so that investors feel there is something really attractive to invest in the defense sector. Another major issue hindering the growth of the economy in India is the governance issue. India has the huge capacity and tremendous opportunity but for this best practices and good governance is of utmost important. If we had showed good governance then the Indian growth story has been completely different and probably our levels of growth would have been livelier. India has faced many criticism of ICOR being high, which indicates there is a governance issue due to which huge volume of money is required to create just appreciable level of growth. In the middle of slowing down investments, many scams, allegations of corruption and black money and discrepancies in the allocation of natural resources are playing their part to cut the growth rate to below 5%. The Modi government seems to be very crucial in maintaining good governance. They have successfully implemented the Gujarat Model cutting down the bureaucracy, and this act is needed to be implemented in the center as well. There has been some impressive move already in terms of unification of power and coal ministry successfully. Other issue like proper guidelines on PPP route i.e. from where the funds will be generated, the proper entry and exit procedure and proper guidelines in terms of the timeline should be specified. Similarly, urea reform, GST, PDS reform, subsidy issues and cracking the hoarders and middle man is of utmost important. To summarize, reviving investment is very essential for growth of employment and income. That is the only way an economy can move on the growth trajectory. It requires three faceted approaches that will turn the face of Indian economy extensive growth prospects. The moral of the story is there should be low inflation in the country with proper monetary policy in placed, fiscal consolidation should be the major focus area no matter what, and last but not the least improvement in the food market is very important to improve the supply side hurdle. Second could be putting fiscal policies on track through tax and expenditure reforms by putting public finances on sustainable path. Tax reforms in the form of GST, DTC is very important to achieve the desirable growth rate at the moment, basically we need more predictable tax administration. Thirdly, expenditure reforms must focus on designing new subsidy program and good mechanisms for accountability. Capacity must be created at the state level to address market failures by repealing the old legacy laws and removing structural constraints. The emphasis have to remain on fiscal consolidation but on a sustained manner being too optimistic and accepting challenges without any proper base won’t do any good for the economy. The reversion to growth rate of around 8-9% can only occur if everything is in place. We can’t firmly say the growth will be 9% or not because previous governments have left us with many dark spot that will require time to heal. There are many factors that will govern the growth rate of India as the economy is globalized and many international events will have the huge impact upon the Indian economy. We can think of a 5 year period within which all the policy constraints are in place, there are no any loop holes followed by well-placed reforms and period within which the Indian economy has fully absorbed the new environment in terms of the new government, new policy measures and achieved an expected growth rate. Similarly, the focus of new policy should be on structural reforms to improve the supply-side constraints. Revival of Investment is of utmost important for accelerating the growth rate of the economy. In addition to this si mplification of tax policy and administration is the need of the hour. An atmosphere of policy certainty, continuity and transparency will help boost business sentiments further. There should be a proper mechanism to check the fiscal deficit and maintaining the CAD within the range of 2-2.5 percent can give us the huge boost in the growth trajectory, though we have already achieve the 1.7% of the CAD , consistency of those will play the part in the future. Another daunting problem faced by the Indian economy is in terms of the Inflation. A well measured step to reduce the inflation rate to 6% will allow the RBI to come up with more dynamic monetary policy that will help the Indian economy to face the external challenges effectively. To sum up, the growth rate of 9% is achievable provided everything is in place but as we all know that today the world economy have globalized and have become interdependent. So we can’t be sure about the exact growth rate but we can be sure that India will be in the growth trajectory and we can expect lot of things to improve in the coming years not just the sentiments in the market. The loop holes in the policy, the governance issues and hell lot of other issues which were not addressed during the UPA 1 and 2 will be address in the New government regime and can expect acche din to come!!. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "India growth in the next five years Essay Example Pdf" essay for you Create order